I've searched around the community forums and couldn't find a guide to the aerodynamic coefficients in the aircraft data files. I figured I may as well try to put one together. I realize I may have missed an existing guide and this has been done before.
Anyway, this is what I've figured so far. I'm posting this for peer review and hopefully when can add this information to the knowledge base when it's verified.
Feel free to correct and/or add elaborations on each description, this is by no means comprehensive.
Cla = Lift coefficient as a function of AOA
CD0 = Zero-lift drag coefficient
CDL = Total drag coefficient
Cmq = Pitch moment coefficient per radian
Cmad = Pitch moment coefficient per radian AOA ?
Cyb = Side force coefficent per degree of sideslip
Clb = Roll moment coefficient per degree of sideslip
Clp = Roll moment coefficient per roll rate (radians)
Clr = Roll moment coefficient per yaw rate (radians)
Cnb = Yaw moment coefficeint per degee of sideslip
Cnp = Yaw moment coefficient per roll rate (radians)
Cnr = Yaw moment coefficient per yaw rate (radians)
CLaMachTable = Lift coefficient factor (of Cla) vs Mach number
CD0MachTable = Zero-lift drag coefficient factor (of CD0) vs Mach number
CDLAlphaTable = Total drag coefficient vs AOA
CmqMachTable = Pitch moment coefficient vs Mach number
ClbAlphaTable = Clb as a function of AOA
ClpAlphaTable = Clp as a function of AOA
ClrAlphaTable = Clr as a function of AOA
CnpAlphaTable = Cnp as a function of AOA
CnrAlphaTable = Cnr as a function of AOA
XacMachTable = Center-of-pressure distance from wing's neutral point (?) (AOA independent) vs AOA
CLmax = Maximum lift coefficient
AlphaStall = Angle-of-attack where stall begins
AlphaMax = Maximum angle-of-attack while retaining full control?
AlphaDepart = Angle-of-attack where wing departs
Ymac = Lift moment arm about aircraft's longitudinal axis
My references: Modern Combat Aircraft Design by Klaus Huenecke, 1987.
http://www.jsbsim.org/CreatingJSBSimAircraft.pdf