Well, you can put airplanes in pieces on cargo ships and reassemble them at the other end, but I don't think that's usually practical. Helicopters of course can be airlifted in cargo planes, but not other planes.
Otherwise, the only ways are via midair refueling, hopping from airport to airport (like commercial/private planes do), or via carrier. Usually it's a combination of the first 2, as even countries with carriers often have larger numbers of non-carrier capable planes. In fact, most modern planes are so reliable that the limiting factor is crew endurance, not the planes or refueling. I know for Desert Shield in 1990 large numbers of F-15s and other types flew nonstop from the US to Saudi Arabia with just tanker support, no stops on the way. Others staged through England and Germany.