'Blocks' as designations for subvariants have been around for a LONG time. Sometimes, they're minor TO changes, other times (like the F-16) they can designate very different capability upgrades.
Sometimes they also can be designated as 'Lots'...I think the USN does this.
Heck, you can even use letters. The B-1B has used letters to designate Block upgrades...I left just as they were starting Block C, and I believe they are up to Block F.
Blocks can also be in single digits...the T-38C is on Block 7 of it's current avionics software. Both the Bone and T-38C are examples of having 'Block' upgrades without actually having a new production line of aircraft.
Speaking of which, the old A model went all the way to Block 85 on it's initial production run.
Short answer, yes, other aircraft use 'Blocks' but there is no standard implementation.
FC